¿Qué es el rating Elo?
En 1960, el profesor húngaro-estadounidense de física Arpad Elo diseñó un sistema matemático para clasificar ajedrecistas. La idea es simple: tu rating es un número que predice tu rendimiento contra cualquier rival. Si vences a alguien con más rating, subes; si pierdes contra alguien con menos, bajas.
Dnes používa nejakú verziu Elo systému každá veľká šachová organizácia — FIDE, Chess.com aj Lichess. Aj Chess Global League, kde všetci noví hráči začínajú na 1200.
La fórmula
Después de cada partida, tu nuevo rating es:
- Rold — your rating before the game
- K — the K-factor (sensitivity; Chess Global League uses K = 50)
- S — your actual score: 1 for a win, 0.5 for a draw, 0 for a loss
- E — the expected score, based on the rating gap between you and your opponent
La puntuación esperada (E)
La puntuación esperada es la parte matemática del sistema. Se calcula con la función logística (sigmoide):
A rating gap of 400 points means the stronger player has roughly a 90% expected score. A gap of 200 points gives about a 76% chance to the favourite. Equal ratings? Both players have an expected score of exactly 0.5.
Un ejemplo real
Notice how the system is asymmetric: beating a much stronger player earns you far more than losing to them costs. The bigger the upset, the bigger the swing.
Qué hace el factor K
K controls the maximum rating change per game. With K = 50 (as used in Chess Global League), a single result can shift your rating by at most 25 points (a perfect upset win from exactly equal expected score). A higher K-factor makes ratings more volatile and responsive; a lower one stabilises ratings for experienced players.
FIDE uses K = 40 for new players, K = 20 for established players, and K = 10 for elite players above 2400. Chess Global League keeps it at 50 across the board to keep ratings dynamic and rewarding for all skill levels.
Rangos Elo — ¿qué significan los números?
Cómo subir tu rating más rápido
- Avoid blunders — hanging pieces lose games you should draw. Even 10 minutes of daily tactics puzzles dramatically reduces errors.
- Play slightly higher-rated opponents — the Elo gain from an upset win far outweighs the cost of an expected loss.
- Study endgames first — most beginner-to-intermediate games end in the endgame. Knowing King + Rook vs King alone is worth 50–100 rating points at this level.
- Analyse your losses — not your wins. The mistake that cost you the game usually recurs until you consciously fix it.
- Be consistent — one game a week every month compounds. Elo rewards sustained play over time.